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1) "Bentonite" -- As to bentonite clay ben·ton·ite
Pronunciation: 'ben-t&-"nIt
Function: noun
Etymology: Fort Benton, Mont.
: an absorptive and colloidal clay used especially as a sealing agent or suspending agent (as of drugs)
- ben·ton·it·ic /"ben-t&-'ni-tik/ adjective Pronunciation Symbols
Bentonite - USGS Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite, (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·(H2O)n. Two types exist: swelling bentonite which is also called sodium bentonite and non-swelling bentonite or calcium bentonite. It forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. - 1 Sodium bentonite
- 2 Calcium bentonite
- 3 Uses for both types
- 4 History and natural occurrence
- 5 References
| Sodium bentonite expands when wet - it can absorb several times its dry weight in water. It is mostly used in drilling mud in the oil and gas well drilling industries. The property of swelling also makes sodium bentonite useful as a sealant, especially targeted for the sealing of subsurface disposal systems for spent nuclear fuel [1] [2] and for quarantining metal pollutants of groundwater. Similar uses include making slurry walls, waterproofing of below grade walls and forming other impermeable barriers (e.g. to plug old wells or as a liner in the base of landfills to prevent migration of leachate into the soil). The non-swelling calcium bentonite is sold within the alternative health market for its purported cleansing properties, yet no scientific studies exist to support these claims. It is usually combined with water and ingested as part of a detox diet, [3] in a practice known as geophagy. It is claimed that the microscopic structure of the bentonite draws impurities into it from the digestive system, which are then excreted along with the bentonite. It is also claimed that native tribes in South America, Africa and Australia have long used bentonite clay for this purpose. [4] Calcium bentonite may be converted to sodium bentonite and exhibit sodium bentonite's properties by a process known as "ion exchange". Commonl..."
2) "Clay" -- As to bentonite clay clay
Pronunciation: 'klA
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cl[AE]g; akin to Old High German klIwa bran, Latin gluten glue, Middle Greek glia
1 a : an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is composed mainly of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : soil composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size b : EARTH, MUD
2 a : a substance that resembles clay in plasticity and is used for modeling b : the human body as distinguished from the spirit c : fundamental nature or character <the common clay>
3 : CLAY COURT
- clay·ey /'klA-E/ adjective
- clay·ish /'klA-ish/ adjective
- clay·like /-"lIk/ adjective Pronunciation Symbols
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The Gay Head cliffs in Martha's Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. Clay is a term used to describe a group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 μm (micrometres) in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. Clays are generally formed by the chemical weathering of silicate-bearing rocks by carbonic acid but some are formed by hydrothermal activity. Clays are distinguished from other small particles present in soils such as silt by their small size, flake or layered shape, affinity for water and tendency toward high plasticity. - 1 Grouping
- 2 Historical and modern uses of clay
- 3 Some varieties of clay
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
| Depending upon academic source, there are three or four main groups of clays: kaolinite, montmorillonite-smectite, illite, and chlorite (the latter group is not always considered a part of the clays and is sometimes classified as a separate group within the phyllosilicates). There are about thirty different types of "pure" clays in these categories but most "natural" clays are mixtures of these different types, along with other weathered minerals. Quaternary clay in Estonia. Clay is plastic when wet, which means it can be easily shaped. When dry, it becomes firm and when subject to high temperature, known as firing, permanent physical and chemical reactions occur which, amongst other changes, causes the clay to be converted into a ceramic material. It is because of these properties that clay is used for making pottery items, both practical and decorative. Different types of clay, when used with different minerals and firing conditions, ar..."
Further Data On Term for bentonite clay
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